Lots of American hollies can … Its spine-tipped leaves are green and leathery in texture. However, this coloration often is covered by a thin lichen that appears as curved black lines.
Older plums have gray bark with deep vertical ridges and peeling strips. She notes that native Americans also "used the bark to heal cuts and bruises." American holly Aquifoliaceae Ilex opaca Aiton symbol: ILOP Leaf: Alternate, simple, evergreen, elliptical, 2 to 4 inches long, spiny toothed margin, thickened and leathery, shiny dark green above, much paler below. In the winter Beth loved how the green holly leaves blocked the view of the bare hedge and her neighbor’s house behind them.
While the American holly normally maintains heights between 15 and 25 feet, it can reach heights of up to 60 feet when grown in a sufficiently moist location.

According to Ally Robertson, the Native American use of Ilex verticillata as medicine is the source of one of the common names, fever bush.

Its trunk can reach a diameter of 20 inches. American Holly is dioecious, forming male (staminate) and female (pistillate) flowers on separate trees. This bark becomes covered in wartlike growths as the trees age. American Holly is a fairly common understory tree, American Holly is easy to identify, with prickly evergreen leaves, smooth bark, and red fruits (on female trees) that last through the winter. Flower: Species is dioecious; dull green-white, male flowers on 3 to 7 flowered cymes, female flowers are solitary with a pleasant odor, appearing in late spring. Crabapple bark tends to be smooth and red to brown in color.

Druids believed the plant held sacred woodland spirits within its branches. Individual male flowers are about ¼" across, consisting of a short green calyx with 4 lobes, 4 greenish white or yellowish white petals, and 4 stamens. If you are interested in the use of bark, there is a fairly lengthy internet article produced by the US Department of Agriculture at this link. The bark is quite thin and easily removed. Must be cut in winter to avoid blue-stain or graying of the wood.

The story of the American holly begins with the English holly. Person Co., NC 4/1/06. Ilex opaca (American Holly) Habit: American Holly is a mid-sized understory tree wonderful for both landscaping and native plantings.Distinctly pyramidal in youth, it will grow into an open and irregular shaped tree about 40-50 feet in height. For centuries, the tree’s beautiful evergreen foliage was sent as goodwill tokens by the Romans. (In fact, this is widely believed to be how the holly got its name - it sounds like holy.) Our only similar species is Chinese Holly (Ilex cornuta), which has distinctively shaped leaves and is smaller in stature. American Holly is an evergreen tree that may grow 40 to 60 feet tall.

Historically, winterberry had medicinal uses.


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